Saturday, 3 August 2013

Part Four References


References


Cowgill, L (2003). The Sequence of Story [online]. Available from: <http://www.plotsinc.com/sitenew/column_art_06.html>. [Accessed 3rd July 2013].

Cowgill, L J. (2005). WRITING SHORT FILMS: Structure and Content for Screenwriters. 2nd edition. New York: Random House Inc.

Romanek, N (2013). Introduction to Sequence Structure [online]. Available from: <http://www.nealromanek.com/introduction-to-sequence-structure/>. [Accessed 13th July 2013].

Screen Writing Glossary [online]. (2013). Available from: <http://www.screenwriting.info/glossary.php>. [Accessed 21st  July 2013].

Smith, P J. (2010). Symbols, Images, Codes: The Secret Language of Meaning in Film, TV, Games, and Visual Media. 1st. ed. California: Michael Wiese Productions.

Thompson, M. (2013). Screenwriters: Make the Most of a Spec Script Using Page Economy [online]. Available from: <http://suite101.com/article/screenwriters-make-the-most-of-a-spec-script-using-page-economy-a404864>. [Accessed Monday 22nd July 2013].



Assignment Four


Below is a selection of scenes that I have written for my piece ‘On Death and Dying’.  I have chosen to use this sequence of scenes as they are 'dialogue heavy' and contain very little action. 

Following these scenes I have written my reflective account of this module of the course and my references from Part Four.


ON DEATH AND DYING
Scenes 35 - 37

INT. PRIME MINISTER'S OFFICE – NIGHT

GEOFFREY sits at his desk, talking to U.N. representatives Dr Kregs and Prof. Jiyad via a web conference.

                    PROF. JIYAD
          Mr Soillen this is not something
          that the U.N. can ignore.

                    GEOFFREY SOILLEN
          With all due respect Professor, if
          the U.N. had intended on assisting
          I assume you would have been here
          already.

                    DR. KREGS
          We must consider the effects of a
pandemic.
         
          GEOFFREY SOILLEN
               (laughing)
          Of course Gentlemen...one must
          protect their own.
         
          PROF. JIYAD
          Mr Soillen, this is hardly the
          time. Your country lies in ruins
          and from our reports, it seems that
          you haven't done the slightest
          thing about it.

GEOFFREY angrily stands.

                    GEOFFREY SOILLEN
          We are a country in quarantine.
          Furthermore we are a country in
          crisis.  We are losing civilians
          left, right and centre. Medical and
          military staff have taken to the
          streets rioting, or worse. Our top
          scientists are baffled by this and
          it seems that we are a nation in
          exile from the world.

GEOFFREY sits back in his seat calmly.

                    DR. KREGS
          Geoffrey...we've discussed the
          dangers of even allowing a sample
          to leave your borders.

GEOFFREY bangs his fists on the table.

                    GEOFFREY SOILLEN
          So I am supposed to watch a nation
die?
The picture on the screens fuzz and fade.  Geoffrey bangs
the screens.
                    GEOFFREY SOILLEN
          Not now....you little bastard.

MISS BLACKSON enters.

                    MISS BLACKSON
          Is everything all right Sir?

GEOFFREY rubs his eyes and walks over to his drinks cabinet.

                    GEOFFREY SOILLEN
          A drink Miss Blackson?

                    MISS BLACKSON
          Why not? It would be an
          understatement to call this a bad
          day. And please, it's Charlotte.

MISS BLACKSON sits on the sofa.  GEOFFREY hands her a glass of whiskey and sits opposite her and downs his drink.
     
              MISS BLACKSON (CONT'D)
          Are you OK? Sir?
    
               GEOFFREY SOILLEN
          It would be safe to say no Miss
Blackson.

MISS BLACKSON leans across the table touching GEOFFREY's
arm. GEOFFREY touches her hand, looking into her eyes,

                    MISS BLACKSON (CONT'D)
          Your brilliance is unparalleled
          Sir. I have nothing but faith that
          you will fix this.

GEOFFREY walks to the drinks cabinet, pouring himself
another drink.

                    GEOFFREY SOILLEN
          Your faith is quite unfounded I'm
          afraid Miss Blackson.  It seems
          that I have not quite delivered
          what I claimed in my manifesto.

                    MISS BLACKSON
               (smiling)
          I am yet to a meet a politician
          who keeps his promises.

                    GEOFFREY SOILLEN
          It seems that my work has created
          more than a little stir?

                    MISS BLACKSON
          I don't think anyone could blame
          you for this situation, Sir.

                    GEOFFREY SOILLEN
          Tell that to the U.N.

MISS BLACKSON gets up and stands behind GEOFFREY.  She puts her hand on his shoulder.
    
               GEOFFREY SOILLEN (CONT'D)
          At least I can rest assured that I'll
          be remembered.

GEOFFREY walks away and sits behind his desk.

                    GEOFFREY SOILLEN (CONT'D)
          Yes, my name will be printed in
          every history book across the
          world.  I can see it now....'THE
          MAN WHO DESTROYED BRITAIN IN A
          DAY'.  Quite an achievement.

GEOFFREY downs his glass of whiskey, slamming it onto the
table.

                    GEOFFREY SOILLEN (CONT'D)
          No Miss Blackson....my time is
done.
              
     MISS BLACKSON
          Sir, you're the reason I went into
          politics in the first place.

MISS BLACKSON pours herself another drink.

                    MISS BLACKSON (CONT'D)
          My father and I attending of your
          speeches when you were MP for
          Lambeth North.

GEOFFREY tries to take a drink, realising his glass is
empty.

                    GEOFFREY SOILLEN
          That was a long time ago.

                    MISS BLACKSON
          Your charm and charisma transformed
          our community.  Your 'Music
          Matters' initiative literally
          eradicated crime around the
          estates.  You ended a 15-year feud
          over the closure of the hospital in
          one breakfast meeting.

MISS BLACKSON sits opposite GEOFFREY.

                    MISS BLACKSON (CONT'D)
               (smiling)
          Not to mention your work on the
          allotments.

GEOFFREY looks at MISS BLACKSON and laughs.

                    GEOFFREY SOILLEN (CONT'D)
          That was a long time ago Miss
Blackson.

                    MISS BLACKSON
          Rubbish... you're Geoffrey Soillen. 
If you can't turn this around,
no one can.

INT. LIBRARY - NIGHT

BLAINE climbs in through a large window holding a long
metal pole. He helps SALLY through. The Library is silent
and vending machine sits in the corner.  Once in, BLAINE
places the metal pole on the floor.

                    SALLY
          I told you.  No one uses these anymore.

                    BLAINE
          Yeah well we got Wiki now. Who
          needs these dusty old things.

BLAINE picks up a book and drops it on the floor creating a loud bang.
        
           SALLY
               (smiling)
          Ssh....they'll hear us.

                    BLAINE
          Nah, I think we're pretty safe in
here.

SALLY throws her bag to the ground and slumps on the floor against a bookcase. She sighs loudly.
     
              SALLY
               (to herself)
          What a great day.

                    BLAINE
          You wanna drink?  I found us a
          vending machine.  Reckon I've still
          got the knack.

BLAINE kicks the vending machine causing the door to fly
open.  BLAINE takes two cans and two chocolate bars and sits down beside SALLY.

                    BLAINE
          Hope you like Coke and chocolate.

SALLY smiles and begins eating and drinking.  An awkward
silence falls between the two.

                    BLAINE
          Didn't you think it was a bit
          weird...Tara knowing so much about
          all that medical shit over there.

                    SALLY
          She's a Doctor, Blaine.  That's her
          job.  What are you getting at?

                    BLAINE
          I just reckon it's weird that all.

                    SALLY
          Blaine I told you before to drop
this.

                    BLAINE
          I'm just sayin'. As you said, she
          knows her shit about medicine.
          She's Austrian...

SALLY gets up and stands over BLAINE.

                    SALLY
          She's Austrian? What the hell does
          that have to do with anything.

                    BLAINE
          Well the journal was from Austria
          and she's been acting weird.  We
          don't even know her last name.
          Maybe it's Ellison?

SALLY throws her can across the room.

                    SALLY
               (angrily)
          The reason she's been 'weird'
          Blaine is because her husband and
          children died today.  She has had
          to witness countless murders,
          suicides and acts of
          brutality...all whilst carrying
          your racist arse around.  You make
          me sick.

SALLY walks over to the stacks across the room. A long
silence falls.

                    BLAINE (CONT'D)
          They drove off a bridge...

SALLY
Huh?

                    BLAINE
          My family.  They....
BLAINE begins to cry, trying to hide it from SALLY.  SALLY moves towards Blaine.

                    BLAINE (CONT'D)
          Sorry... I just... just....all
this.

                    SALLY
          It's one fucked up party.

SALLY sits beside BLAINE

                    SALLY (CONT'D)
          My parents chose the old fashioned
          rope and rafters.

After a long pause, BLAINE and SALLY begins kissing and
stripping off each others' clothing.

INT. APARTMENT HOME OFFICE - NIGHT

TARA speaks via webcam to Professor Lukas Hoffer (72).

                    PROF. LUKAS HOFFER
          Tara the world is fully aware of
          the situation in the UK.  The U.N.
          are urging other countries to offer
          aid, but no one wants to risk a
          world wide epidemic.

                    TARA
          All sea and airports have been
          closed.  I guess to keep a
          quarantine.

                    PROF. LUKAS HOFFER
          Please tell me how I can help.

                    TARA
          Ellison.  Tell me what you know
          about a Dr. Ellison.  He was
          probably in the field during..

TARA notices a shocked look in the Professor's face.

                    TARA
          What is it?

                    PROF. LUKAS HOFFER
          I know who Ellison is.  I'd rather
          not know, but I do.

                    TARA
          Who is he?  Could he be linked.
          Please Lukas.

                    PROF. LUKAS HOFFER
          Piotr Ellison was a Professor of
          mine for a semester.  A greatly
          gifted scientist, with a taste for
          power.

TARA
Power?

                    PROF. LUKAS HOFFER
          Many years after University,
          Ellison developed a technology
          involving audio-reanimation.

                    TARA
          Audio-reanimation?

TARA sits back in the chair calmly.

                    PROF. LUKAS HOFFER (CONT'D)
          This technology had the capability
          to literally shape minds.

                    TARA
          For what purpose?

                    PROF. LUKAS HOFFER
          Ellison found a series of
          frequencies capable of effectively
          paralysing certain areas of the
          brain.  Depending on the
          frequencies used, it was then
          possible to use subliminal
          messaging to control the
          individual.

                    TARA
          Brainwashing?

                    PROF. LUKAS HOFFER
          That's how the U.N. saw it.  Of
          course they dismissed his ideas and
          denied knowledge of their existence
          when 'side-effects' starting
          occurring.

                    TARA
          Side effects...like severe
          depression?  Leading to suicide?

                    PROF. LUKAS HOFFER
          Ellison's case files were never
          released, but I do know that a
          number of his test subjects
          died.

                    TARA
          It sounds to me like Ellison has
          set his sight on something a little
          bigger than the military.

                    PROF. LUKAS HOFFER
          That's not possible Tara.

TARA
          It's obvious Lukas.  Somehow he has
          developed his technology to a much
          wider scale.  And as far as test
          runs go...

                    PROF. LUKAS HOFFER
          He's dead Tara.  He jumped from a
          16 story building in 1991 in
          Istanbul.

TARA bangs her fist on the table.

                    PROF. LUKAS HOFFER (CONT'D)
          After his dismissal from the U.N.,
          Ellison was shunned by the science
          community.  His papers meant
          nothing, not even the Universities
          wanted him.  That's when he really
          changed.

TARA begins flicking through the medical journal.

                    TARA
          And became a man hellbent on
          revenge and world domination?

                    PROF. LUKAS HOFFER
          A little 'comic strip'... but yes,
          that's about it.  There's a fine
          line between genius and insanity
          Tara.

                    TARA
          I must be his technology Lukas.  It
          explains everything.

                    PROF. LUKAS HOFFER
          I don't see how Tara.  Those files
          were destroyed.  They never even
          saw the light of day. His research
          laboratories were seized and his
          company was dissolved.

                    TARA
          Perhaps he shared his ideas with
someone?

                    PROF. LUKAS HOFFER
          I see the link Tara, but Ellison
          was a deeply private man.  Sharing
          his creations would go against his
          moral grain.

                    TARA
          The call of death makes people do
          strange things.

                    PROF. LUKAS HOFFER
          Even if he had shared his
          knowledge, it would have taken an
          even greater thinker than Ellison
          himself to develop the technology
          to this level.

                    TARA
          But it's possible?

                    PROF. LUKAS HOFFER
          Tara I have seen the world's most
          brilliant scientists stumped by the
          complexities of Ellison's work.  I
          sincerely doubt anyone else could
          have even made sense of his work.

TARA rubs her forehead, frowning.




Reflective account of Part Four

Throughout this section of the course I have learnt much about the terminology, methods and techniques for writing a screenplay.

'Film economy' refers to the way a story ‘moves’ and translates to the screen. Cowgill (2005:163) writes that:

“Words, description and dialogue, must be as focused as everything else in the screenplay.  Random description of every detail in a scene will only derail it.” 

There is an overwhelming temptation for a writer to use dialogue to ‘tell the whole story’.  However, real-life conversation is short and does not describe what is happening. Thompson (2013) writes that:

“While dialogue should be rich and fully worded, useless dialogue that does not add anything to the story should find its way to the chopping block”.  

I have rewritten my scenes a number of times in order to ensure that I have an economical script.  However, my chosen scenes are 'dialogue heavy', forcing me to ensure that the dialogue is informative, but also believable and interesting enough to hold the audience's attention. 

My research into scene descriptions led me to study the screenplays of Paul Feig (Bridesmaids 2011), Hitchcock (Vertigo 1958) and Puzo & Ford-Copolla (The Godfather 1972).  In contrast to Cowgill’s (2005:163) comments on the economy of the scene descriptions, both The Godfather and Vertigo contain meticulous descriptions of the scene.  However, Bridesmaids provides little scene description, allowing the director more freedom over the story.   I question whether this may be more a sign of modern filmmaking, given the time difference between the release dates of each film.

Imagery and symbolism can also be used effectively to portray story events and character traits. As Smith (2010) suggests:

"Words can communicate at one level. But if you want to reach down into a person's soul or touch an audience in a profound way, you need to use Symbols, Images, and Codes". 

Use of symbolism is evident in the iconic 'rose petal' scene of Sam Mendes’ American Beauty (1999), where the falling of the coloured petals juxtaposes the innocence and sexuality of youth.  Imagery and symbolism also play an important role in the opening scenes of Oliver Stone's Platoon (1986) with the cleanliness and enthusiasm of the new GIs symbolising their innocence, whilst the image of the veterans handling dead bodies in such a detached manner symbolises their acceptance of the horrors of war.

Whilst researching travelling and establishing scenes I found an interesting idea by Romanek (2013) who suggests that sequence scenes are the foundation of the story itself, with each ‘sequence’ showing the characters overcoming an obstacle, which in turn leads to a larger obstacle. This contrasts with the more accepted definitions of ‘scene sequences’.  For example, Cowgill (2003) writes, “A scene sequence is a group of scenes linked around a single idea or action."  I feel that Romanak’s ideas provide an interesting way of structuring story events, obstacles and sequences. 

On the suggestion of my tutor, I spent some time researching ‘reversals’.   The Screen Writing Glossary (2013) describes reversals as:

 “A place in the plot where a character achieves the opposite of his aim, resulting in a change from good fortune to bad fortune”. 
Whilst it is important to maintain ‘believability’ within a story, it is also essential to create drama, and reversals serve as an excellent way to create a realistic but unexpected change to normal circumstances.  Reversals can refer to a character or an action and provide an opportunity to enhance and move the story forward whilst maintaining audience interest.   John Deme’s adaptation of Thomas Harris’ Silence of the Lambs (1991) and Sam Mendes’ American Beauty (1999) both helped to me gain a deeper insight into the use of reversals.

I have enjoyed this section of the course and feel I have learnt much about how to create a good screenplay. Using the story I have been working on over the previous two modules, I have been able to apply what I have learnt in order to begin to develop my story into what I hope will be an engaging and believable screenplay.